Compare Norfolk Island (2006) - Arctic Ocean (2003)

Compare Norfolk Island (2006) z Arctic Ocean (2003)

	Norfolk Island (2006)	Arctic Ocean (2003)

Administrative divisions	none (territory of Australia)	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 20.2% 15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2006 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry	-
Airports	1 (2006)	-
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)	-
Area	total: 34.6 sq km land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Area - comparative	about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US
Background	Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.	The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean.
Birth rate	NA	-
Budget	revenues: $4.6 million expenditures: $4.8 million; including capital expenditures of $2 million (FY99/00)	-
Capital	name: Kingston geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	-
Climate	subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation	polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Coastline	32 km	45,389 km
Constitution	Norfolk Island Act of 1979	-
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	-
Debt - external	$NA	-
Dependency status	territory of Australia; Canberra administers Commonwealth responsibilities on Norfolk Island through the Department of Environment, Sport, and Territories	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	-
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	-
Disputes - international	none	some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	-
Economy - overview	Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs.	Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	-
Electricity - production	NA kWh	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Bates 319 m	lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m
Environment - current issues	NA	endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack
Ethnic groups	descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian	-
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)	-
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and Australia are represented by Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) head of government: Assembly President and Chief Minister Geoffrey Robert GARDNER (since 5 December 2001) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia; chief minister elected by the Legislative Assembly for a term of not more than three years; election last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: Geoffrey Robert GARDNER elected chief minister; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - 17.2%	-
Exports	$1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92)	-
Exports - commodities	postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados	-
Exports - partners	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)	-
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	-
Flag description	three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band	-
Geographic coordinates	29 02 S, 167 57 E	90 00 N, 0 00 E
Geography - note	most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated	major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months
Imports	$17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)	-
Imports - commodities	NA	-
Imports - partners	Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2004)	-
Independence	none (territory of Australia)	-
Industries	tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete	-
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	-
International organization participation	UPU	-
Irrigated land	NA	-
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions	-
Labor force	1,345	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 10% industry and services: 90%	-
Land boundaries	0 km	-
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	-
Languages	English (official), Norfolk a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian	-
Legal system	based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law	-
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; members serve three-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties)	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	-
Literacy	NA	-
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia	body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Map references	Oceania	Arctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia	-
National holiday	Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856)	-
Nationality	noun: Norfolk Islander(s) adjective: Norfolk Islander(s)	-
Natural hazards	typhoons (especially May to July)	ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May
Natural resources	fish	sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)
Net migration rate	NA	-
Political parties and leaders	none	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	-
Population	1,828 (July 2006 est.)	-
Population growth rate	-0.01% (2006 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	-	Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005)	-
Religions	Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)	-
Sex ratio	NA	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station	-
Telephones - main lines in use	2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004)	-
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum) (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	1 (local programming station plus two repeaters that bring in Australian programs by satellite) (2005)	-
Terrain	volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains	central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Total fertility rate	NA	-
Transportation - note	-	sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways
Unemployment rate	0%	-

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